Languages
The language of tuition is English for all elements of the programme, including the thesis. At admission stage, non-native speakers of English must demonstrate, through the acquisition of a recognized qualification, proficiency in English at level C1 (‘proficient user’) as defined in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This can be done in various ways, for example with an IELTS (International English Language Testing System) certificate at level 7.0, or through a score of 100 (including a minimum 22 in both writing and reading) in the internet-based TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). The paper-based TOEFL is not acceptable. Candidates whose native language is English will be required to demonstrate competence in another EU language at CEFR level B2 (‘independent user’).
During the programme, candidates will attend basic language courses in the consortium languages of their two chosen places of study unless they are already competent in those languages. This will enable a good understanding of the technical vocabulary of criminology as well as a sensitivity to the differences and nuances of the host language in key areas of criminology. Language training opportunities will be provided at all four sites at no additional cost. These language courses are not used for credit towards the doctorate, but are recognized as an essential tool in the professional and personal development of the candidates. Candidates will be encouraged to document their language abilities through Europass
